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Bones, Joints and Named Muscles

Name the main bones and muscles and learn how joints work: tendons and ligaments, hinge and ball-and-socket joints, and the movements they allow.

⏱️ 17 min 🎯 15 activities
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What you'll cover

Bones, joints and muscles

Your musculoskeletal system is the bones, joints and muscles that let you move. Bones give the body its shape and protect the organs, joints are where bones meet, and muscles pull on bones to create movement. This module names the main bones and muscles and shows how joints work.

Naming the bones

Learn the main bones by where they are in the body:

Find the femur

The femur is the long bone of the thigh. Tap the FEMUR on the skeleton.

Which bone?

Which bone is in the shin, the lower leg?

  • Tibia
  • Humerus
  • Cranium
  • Scapula

Tendon or ligament?

Two kinds of connective tissue hold the body together, and they are easy to mix up:

Match the bone to its place

  • Cranium
  • Humerus
  • Femur
  • Scapula
  • The skull
  • The upper arm
  • The thigh
  • The shoulder blade

Two kinds of joint

A joint is where two bones meet. A hinge joint, like the elbow, knee and ankle, allows movement in one direction: bending and straightening. A ball-and-socket joint, like the hip and shoulder, allows movement in all directions, including rotation.

Ball-and-socket?

Select the TWO joints that are ball-and-socket joints.

  • The hip
  • The shoulder
  • The elbow
  • The knee

Match the movement

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Decreasing the angle at a joint, bending it
  • Increasing the angle at a joint, straightening it
  • Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
  • Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

Naming the muscles

Muscles pull on bones to move joints. Learn the main ones and what they do:

Head to toe

Put these bones in order, from the top of the body to the bottom.

  • Cranium, the skull
  • Humerus, the upper arm
  • Femur, the thigh
  • Tibia, the shin

Tendons, ligaments and joints

A _____ connects muscle to bone, while a _____ connects bone to bone. The elbow is a _____ joint, which bends and straightens. The biceps muscle _____ the elbow to bend it. Moving a limb away from the midline of the body is called _____.

tendon ligament hinge flexes abduction cartilage extends adduction socket rotation

Tendon, ligament, joint

Tap the TWO statements that are TRUE.

  • A tendon connects muscle to bone.
  • The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that allows rotation.
  • A ligament connects muscle to bone.
  • The elbow is a ball-and-socket joint.
  • The femur is the shin bone.

Name the action

Name the movement or joint type in each sporting action.

  • A footballer bends the knee to bring the heel up towards the body. What movement is this?
  • A gymnast raises a straight arm out sideways, away from the body. What movement is this?
  • A thrower swings the arm in a full circle at the shoulder. Which joint type allows this?

Describe a sporting action

Choose a sporting action, such as kicking a ball or throwing, and describe the bones, joint and muscles involved. This is written in English and is not auto-marked.

  • Name the main bones that meet at the joint
  • Name the type of joint and the movement that happens
  • Name the muscle that contracts to cause the movement
  • Say whether a tendon or a ligament attaches that muscle to the bone