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Christian Eschatology and the Afterlife

What do Christians believe happens after death? Explore resurrection, judgement, heaven and hell, and the divergent views Christians hold.

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What you'll cover

The last things ✝️

**Eschatology** means beliefs about the "last things": **death**, **judgement**, and **life after death**. For Christians, these beliefs shape how they live now and offer **hope** in the face of death.

Hope in resurrection 🌅

At the heart of Christian hope is the **resurrection of Jesus**. Christians believe that because Jesus rose from the dead, believers too can share in **eternal life**. St Paul explores this in **1 Corinthians 15**, and John's Gospel records Jesus saying, "I am the resurrection and the life."

The key word

What does the term eschatology mean?

  • Beliefs about death and life after death
  • The study of church buildings
  • The rules for daily worship
  • The history of the first disciples

Facing judgement ⚖️

Christians believe that after death each person faces **God's judgement**. In the **Parable of the Sheep and the Goats** (Matthew 25), Jesus teaches that people are judged on how they treated others, especially those in need: "whatever you did for the least of these, you did for me."

Sheep and goats

In the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats, people are judged mainly on...

  • How they treated others in need
  • How much money they gave to the temple
  • Whether they memorised the whole law
  • The family they were born into

Heaven and hell 🕊️

Christians believe in **heaven**, eternal life in the presence of God, and **hell**, eternal separation from God. Christians differ on whether these are **literal places** or **metaphors** for closeness to, or distance from, God.

Match each term to its meaning

  • Eschatology
  • Resurrection
  • Judgement
  • Salvation
  • Beliefs about death and the last things
  • Rising from death to new life
  • God assessing a person's life
  • Being saved from sin, through Jesus

Christian beliefs

Select the TWO beliefs many Christians hold about the afterlife.

  • The dead will be resurrected
  • People face God's judgement
  • Everyone is reincarnated as an animal
  • Nothing at all happens after death

Christians disagree 🔀

Christians do not all agree about the afterlife: - **Roman Catholics** also believe in **purgatory**, a state of purification before entering heaven; most Protestants do not accept this. - Some Christians read heaven and hell **literally** as places; others read them **metaphorically** as states of being with or without God.

Match each view to its belief

  • Roman Catholic view
  • Literal view
  • Metaphorical view
  • Shared Christian hope
  • Purgatory purifies a soul before heaven
  • Heaven and hell are real places
  • Heaven and hell are states of being
  • Jesus' resurrection brings hope of eternal life

Apply the belief

An interactive activity.

Eschatology frame

Eschatology covers death, judgement and life after death. Christian hope rests on the _____ of Jesus, who said "I am the resurrection and the life." After death each person faces God's _____, taught in the Parable of the _____ and the Goats. Roman Catholics also believe in _____, a state of purification before heaven.

resurrection judgement Sheep purgatory reincarnation reward Shepherds heaven

The big picture

What is the main source of Christian hope for life after death?

  • The resurrection of Jesus
  • The wealth of the church
  • Keeping every festival perfectly
  • The great age of the Bible