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The Food Test Lab

Four reagents, four colour changes. Learn the chemical tests that reveal starch, sugar, protein and fat in your food — and never mix up which colour means what.

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What you'll cover

The Food Test Lab 🍽️

What is really in your lunch? With four simple chemical tests you can reveal whether a food contains **starch, sugar, protein or fat** — each shown by a distinct **colour change**. The trick is remembering which reagent goes with which colour.

Testing for carbohydrates 🧪

Two tests for carbohydrates: • **Starch** — add orange-brown **iodine solution**. If starch is present, it turns **blue-black**. • **Reducing sugars** (such as glucose) — add blue **Benedict's solution** and **heat** it in a water bath. If present, it turns **brick-red** (through green, yellow and orange for smaller amounts).

Testing for protein and fat 🥚

Two more tests: • **Protein** — add **Biuret reagent**. If protein is present, the blue reagent turns **purple (lilac)**. • **Fat (lipid)** — the **ethanol emulsion test**: dissolve the sample in ethanol, then add water. If fat is present, a **cloudy white emulsion** forms.

Match each nutrient to its positive result

  • Starch
  • Reducing sugar
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Iodine solution turns blue-black
  • Benedict's solution turns brick-red on heating
  • Biuret reagent turns purple
  • An ethanol emulsion turns cloudy white

Which test needs heat?

Which food test requires you to HEAT the sample in a water bath?

  • The Benedict's test for reducing sugars
  • The iodine test for starch
  • The Biuret test for protein
  • The ethanol emulsion test for fat

No colour change

You add iodine solution to a food sample and it stays orange-brown. What does this tell you?

  • There is no starch in the sample
  • The sample contains a lot of starch
  • The sample contains protein
  • The sample contains reducing sugar

Reagent and colour

Select ALL THREE reagent-and-result pairings that are CORRECT.

  • Iodine → blue-black shows starch
  • Biuret → purple shows protein
  • Benedict's → brick-red shows reducing sugar
  • Iodine → purple shows protein
  • Biuret → brick-red shows starch
  • Benedict's → blue-black shows fat

The Benedict's test method

An interactive activity.

Reading the results 🔬

A **colour change** is a **positive** result — the nutrient is present. **No change** is a **negative** result — it is absent. Test one nutrient at a time on a fresh portion of sample. Stay safe: the Benedict's test needs a hot water bath, and **ethanol is flammable**, so keep it well away from any flames.

Food test summary

To test for starch, add _____ solution — it turns blue-black. To test for reducing sugars, add Benedict's solution and _____ it, turning brick-red. _____ reagent turns purple with protein. The ethanol _____ test gives a cloudy white result with fats.

iodine heat Biuret emulsion Benedict's cool filter