My Personal World - Family, Friends and Ser/Estar

Mi familia y mis amigos 🇪🇸

Talking about your **family and friends** is the heart of your first Spanish topic. You need the vocabulary and, above all, one famous piece of grammar: **ser versus estar**. Some key words: **la familia** (family), **el amigo / la amiga** (friend), **solo** (alone), **diferente** (different).

Match each Spanish word to its meaning

Ser versus estar ⚖️

Spanish has **two** verbs for "to be", and choosing right matters: - **ser** (soy, eres, es) is for **permanent** things: identity, characteristics, origin and relationships. Soy alto (I am tall). Es mi hermano (he is my brother). - **estar** (estoy, estás, está) is for **temporary** states, feelings and location. Estoy cansado (I am tired). Está en casa (she is at home).

A permanent fact

How do you say "He is my brother", a permanent relationship?

• Es mi hermano (ser)
• Está mi hermano
• Soy mi hermano
• Estoy mi hermano

A temporary state

How do you say "I am tired", a temporary state?

• Estoy cansado (estar)
• Soy cansado
• Es cansado
• Estás cansado

Choose the verb

Complete with the right form: Yo _____ alta (I am tall, permanent). Yo _____ en casa (I am at home, location). Ella _____ mi amiga (she is my friend, identity).

When to use ser

ser is for permanent things. Select ALL THREE sentences that correctly use SER.

• Soy alto (I am tall)
• Es española (she is Spanish)
• Somos amigos (we are friends)
• Soy cansado (I am tired)
• Soy en Madrid (I am in Madrid)
• Soy contento (I am happy)

Saying "my": mi and mis 📝

The Spanish for **my** is simple: it changes only for **number**, not gender. - **mi** before a singular noun: mi hermano, mi hermana. - **mis** before a plural noun: mis padres, mis amigos. So, unlike French or German, you never change mi for a masculine or feminine noun, only for singular versus plural.

Singular or plural?

The noun "padres" (parents) is plural. Which word means "my" before it?

• mis (mis padres)
• mi
• mío
• el

My people

Complete: _____ hermano (my brother, singular), _____ padres (my parents, plural), and _____ amigos (your friends).

Gender agreement 🔠

Spanish nouns are masculine or feminine, and words around them agree: - Masculine often ends in **-o** (el hermano, el amigo); feminine often in **-a** (la hermana, la amiga). - The article changes: **el** (masculine) and **la** (feminine). Adjectives agree too: alto becomes **alta** for a female.

Match each male word to its female form

Make it agree

"cansado" means tired, describing a male. How do you describe a tired female?

• cansada (change -o to -a)
• cansado
• cansados
• cansade

Build the sentence

An interactive activity.

Spot the correct Spanish

Select ALL THREE sentences that are CORRECT Spanish.

• mis padres (my parents)
• la amiga (the female friend)
• Estoy cansado (I am tired)
• mi padres
• el amiga
• Soy cansado

Grammar summary

In Spanish, _____ is used for permanent things like identity, and _____ for temporary states and location. "My" is mi before a singular noun and _____ before a plural noun. Adjectives agree in gender, so a tired woman is _____.