Titration Master
The titration practical step by step: measuring with a pipette and burette, swirling to the end point, spotting concordant titres that agree closely, and averaging them to get an accurate result.
Get the method right under pressure
Free interactive practice on the steps that lose marks under exam pressure.
Start revising freeWhat you'll cover
Measure it to the last drop
A titration finds the exact volume of one solution that just reacts with another. Getting a reliable answer means using the right apparatus, watching carefully for the end point, and only trusting results that agree closely. This module works through the method, how to spot concordant titres, and how they are averaged for an accurate result.
Titration words to know
Learn these before you pick up a burette.
Pipette against burette
The two key pieces of apparatus do different jobs.
Follow the order, trust close results
In the exam, describe the titration in order and be strict about the numbers. Measure a set volume with the pipette into the flask, add an indicator, then run the other solution in from the burette, swirling, until the colour just changes and the reaction is done. Do it again until two or more results land within a tenth of a mark of each other; only those close results are averaged. Ignore any rough or odd result before you take the mean.
Match the apparatus
- titration
- burette
- pipette
- indicator
- finds the volume that just reacts
- measures the volume added drop by drop
- measures a fixed, accurate volume
- shows the reaction has finished
Match the step
- fill the burette
- use the pipette
- add an indicator
- take concordant titres
- with the solution of unknown concentration
- to put a fixed volume into the flask
- to signal when to stop
- and work out their mean
Which results are averaged?
When working out a titration result, which titres should be averaged?
- The concordant ones, within 0.10 of each other
- Only the single largest titre
- Only the first rough titre
- Every titre, including the rough one
True about titration
Select the TWO true statements about titration.
- A pipette measures a fixed, accurate volume
- Concordant titres are within 0.10 of each other
- The rough titre should always be included in the average
- A burette can only measure whole numbers of cm3
Average the titres
Three concordant titres are 24.10, 24.20 and 24.00 cm3. Add the three values and divide by 3 to find the mean titre in cm3. What is the answer?
Order the titration
Put the steps of a titration in order, earliest first.
- Use a pipette to add a fixed volume to the flask
- Add a few drops of indicator
- Run in the other solution from the burette while swirling
- Stop at the end point and record the titre
Complete the rules
A method to find the volume of one solution that reacts with another is a _____. A fixed, accurate volume is measured with a _____. The changing volume added is measured with a _____. Results within 0.10 of each other are called _____ titres.
Spot the good technique
Tap the TWO things you do to get an accurate titration result.
- swirl the flask as you add the solution
- average the titres that agree closely
- guess when the reaction is finished
- include every rough result in the mean
Make the right call
Read each case and choose the best answer.
- You need to measure exactly 25 cm3 of acid into the flask. Which piece of apparatus do you use?
- Your titres are 23.50, 25.10 and 23.55 cm3. Which two count as concordant?
- At what moment do you stop adding solution from the burette?
Explain the titration
Explain how a titration is carried out and how the result is worked out from concordant titres.
- Name the apparatus and what each one measures
- Describe the steps of the titration to the end point
- Explain what concordant titres are and how they are used